Christianity vs Judaism - Difference and Comparison

Use of statues and picturesIn Catholic & Orthodox Churches.Ancient times: Not allowed as it is considered Idolatry. Today, great artwork is encouraged. Statues of people are fine, but not as religious icons.Place of originRoman province of Judea.The LevantPlace of worshipChurch, chapel, cathedral, basilica, home bible study, personal dwellings.Synagogues, Western Wall of the Temple in JerusalemBelief of GodOne God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Trinity.One God (monotheism), often called HaShem—Hebrew for 'The Name', or Adonai— 'The Lord'. God is the one True Creator. God has always existed, none existed before him and will exist forever. He transcends life and death.FounderThe Lord Jesus Christ.Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and MosesClergyPriests, bishops, ministers, monks, and nuns.Ancient times: Hereditary privileged priest class--Kohen and Levi. Present day: Religious functionaries like Rabbis, Cantors, Scribes, Mohels.Literal MeaningFollower Of Christ.A Jew (Hebrew: יְהוּדִי, Yehudi (sl.); יְהוּדִים, Yehudim (pl.); Ladino: ג׳ודיו, Djudio (sl.); ג׳ודיוס, Djudios (pl.); Yiddish: ייִד, Yid (sl.); ייִדן, Yidn (pl.))[1] is a member of the Jewish people/ethnicity.FollowersChristian (followers of Christ)JewsView of the BuddhaN/A.N/A.Means of salvationThrough Christ's Passion, Death, and Resurrection.Through belief in God and Mitzvot (good deeds).ScripturesThe Holy BibleTanakh (Jewish Bible) , Torah.PracticesPrayer, sacraments (some branches), worship in church, reading of the Bible, acts of charity, communion.Prayers 3 times daily, with a fourth prayer added on Shabbat and holidays. Shacarit prayer in the morning, Mincha in the afternoon, Arvit at night; Musaf is an extra Shabbat service.Life after deathEternity in Heaven or Hell, in some cases temporal Purgatory.World to come, Reincarnation (some groups); unifying with God, there are different opinions and beliefsSymbolsCross, ichthys ("Jesus fish"), Mary and baby Jesus.Star of David, Menorah.Goal of religionTo love God and obey his commandments while creating a relationship with Jesus Christ and spreading the Gospel so that others may also be saved.To celebrate LIFE! To fulfill the Covenant with God. Do good deeds. Help repair the world. Love God with all your heart. Strong social justice ethic.Human NatureMan has inherited "original sin" from Adam. Mankind then is inherently evil and is in need of forgiveness of sin. By knowing right and wrong Christians choose their actions. Humans are a fallen, broken race in need of salvation and repair by God.You must choose good from bad. You are responsible for your actions, not thoughts.Geographical distribution and predominanceAs the largest religion in the world, Christianity has adherents are all over the world. As a % of local population, Christians are in a majority in Europe, North and South America, and Australia and New Zealand.Existing in Israel for 1500 years, but the Romans in 70 AD kicked all Jews out. Jews are dispersed all over the world, at one time present in almost every country. Now the majority live in Israel, USA, Canada, Russia, France, England.MarriageA Holy Sacrament.Ancient times: unlimited polygamy with concubinage. In modern times, monogamy officially since 1310 AD.PopulationOver two billion adherents worldwide.Around 13-16 Million, debated. Population varies due to conversion (although some types are not recognized by the state of Israel) and "marrying out" (of the faith)Original Language(s)Aramaic, Greek, and Latin.Hebrew. Every word has a 3 letter root word. Yiddish: part Hebrew, part German/East European language. Sephardic: part Hebrew, part Arabic language.Confessing sinsProtestants confess straight to God, Catholic confess mortal sins to a Priest, and venial sins straight to God (Orthodox have similar practice) Anglicans confess to Priests but considered optional. God always forgives sins in Jesus.Ancient times: there was a sin offering for individuals. Today people individually repair their sins. On Yom Kippur, they confess sins, and ask forgiveness from God. But also they must ask forgiveness directly from any people they may have wronged.Second coming of JesusAffirmed.Denied. (not part of liturgy)Religious LawVaries among denominations. Has existed among Catholics in the form of canon law.Halakhah. Ethics. Commandments. 613 mitzvahs to be followed. Charity. Prayer. Rabbinical rulings with minority opinions. Debate very important part of system. Debate is encouraged in schools. Part of Bible addresses specific laws for everyday life.Holy DaysChristmas (celebration of the birth of Jesus), Good Friday (death of Jesus), Sunday (day of rest), Easter (resurrection of Jesus), Lent (Catholicism), saints' feast days.Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Simchat Torah, Chanukah, Tu BiShvat, Passover, Lag BaOmer, Shavout. Sabbath most important—one day a week no work, just peace, joy and prayer.Status of VedasN/A.N/A.ProphetsProphets in the Bible are venerated.Moses, and the subsequent Prophets of Israel as told in the Jewish Bible (Tanakh).Position of AbrahamFather of the faithful.The first patriarch and father of the Jewish religion. His father was an idol-maker but Abraham did not believe in idolatry or polytheism.Ressurection of JesusAffirmed.Denied.Position of MaryMother Of Jesus. Revered in all denominations. Degree of reverence varies from denomination.Not applicable, as Jews do not believe that Jesus is their Messiah, and therefore, his Jewish mother plays no role in the Jewish religion other than history.No. of Gods and Godesses1 God1 GodAboutChristianity broadly consists of individuals who believe in the deity Jesus Christ. Its followers, called Christians, often believe Christ is "the Son" of the Holy Trinity and walked the earth as the incarnate form of God ("the Father").Judaism is created by Abraham 2000 BCE and his descendants of Issac and Jacob. The Law: the 10 Commandments was given to Moses (and 600 000 Jews who left Egyptian slavery) in c, 1300 BCE to return to Israel and follow God's will.Holy days/Official HolidaysThe Lord's Day; Advent, Christmas; New Year, Lent, Easter, Pentecost, every day is dedicated to a Saint.Sabbath, Havdalla, Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Simchat Torah, Chanukah, Tu BiShvat, Purim, Passover, Lag BaOmer, Shavout. Holidays given by God or historical events, Israeli holidays. Holocaust remembrance.View of other Dharmic religionsN/AN/A.JesusSon Of God. Second person of the Trinity. God the Son.A fellow Jew, a respected, learned scholar. Not mentioned in the Jewish texts.Goal of PhilosophyObjective reality. Worship of God who created life, the universe, and is eternal. Christianity has its own philosophy, found in the Bible. That philosophy is Salvation from sin, through the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ.To live a proper and Holy Life. To appreciate Life in every way. To do Good Deeds. To live Ethically. To make choice based on Free Will. Universal Education for every Jew; to study, learn. read and write.Abrahamic LineageAbraham, Isaac, and Jacob.Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are thanked every prayer day. Jacob's 12 sons became the 12 tribes of israel. Of these, 10 were lost during Assyrian Exile.Concept of Deity1 God, in 3 Divine Persons: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.Belief in one God and teachings of the tradition, prophets and rabbis.Virtue on which religion is based uponLove and justice.Justice.Use of StatuesVaries by denomination. Not used in Protestant denominations; icons are used in Catholic & Orthodox denominations.Forbidden to use in religionAuthority of Dalai LamaN/A.N/A.Religion which atheists may still be adherents ofNo.Yes, since Judaism emphasizes Deed over Creed; Many Jews profess to be atheists, and are committed and proud to be Jews.Praying to Saints, Mary, and AngelEncouraged in the Catholic & Orthodox Churches; most Protestants only pray directly to God.Jews only pray to God. They do not need Rabbis to pray. Each Jew can pray directly to God whenever he or she wants to.Place and Time of originJerusalem, approx. 33 AD.1500 BC, Middle East. Religion formed over several centuries; was codified during the Babylonian exile. Literacy is encouraged to read Bible. Jews replaced animal sacrifice with prayer in Diaspora, after Romans destroyed Jerusalem Temple in 70 ADOn ClothingConservative Christians dress modestly; women may wear long skirts or dresses; men may wear dress clothes that do not show the chest, legs, and arms. More moderate or liberal Christians generally reject such clothing restrictions.Orthodox men always wear hats; Orthodox women either wear hats or wigs. Orthodox dress is modest.BeliefThe Nicene Creed sums up Christian belief in the Holy Trinity.Jewish central belief is that they have chosen to follow the commandments of the One True God and God will look out for them in return. Every man is equal. Jews believe a Messiah coming and proof will be an end to war and hunger all over the world.Day of worshipSunday (most denominations), Saturday (Seventh-Day Adventist, Seventh-Day Baptist)Friday at sunset through Saturday sunset, is the Sabbath, THE most Holy Day (yes, all 52 of them). Taking time off from work, once a week, was invented by Judaism. It is more Holy than any other holiday, and is spent in contemplation and prayer.God's role in salvationHumans cannot save themselves or ascend on their own to a higher level. Only God is good and therefore only God is able to save a person. Jesus came down from Heaven to save mankind.Divine revelation of God's law and to judge man's actions. Good deeds, and righteousness. Each New Year, during Yom Kippur, Jews fast and pray for forgiveness from God, and if accepted, are written into the Book of Life, for the next year.Original LanguageAramaic, Greek, and LatinHebrew has always been the central language of prayer. From 500 BCE, Aramaic and Greek koine and 'Aramized' Hebrew till 300 CE. Local languages and different extinct and living Jewish languages like Carfati, Yiddish, Ladino, Judesmo.Related ReligionsIslam, Judaism, Baha'i faithChristianity,Primary God(s)A single, all-powerful god known as God that is typically thought of in "trinity" form: God, the Father; Christ, the Son; and the Holy Spirit (or Ghost).The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Israel).Birth of JesusVirgin Birth, through God.Was born normally to two normal parentsRevered PeopleVaries by sect/denomination. Saints, the Pope, cardinals, bishops, nuns, church pastors, or deacons.The Patriarchs, Moses, various rabbis, and Tzaddics, down through the centuries.BranchesRoman Catholics, independent Catholics, Protestants (Anglicans, Lutherans etc.), Orthodox (Greek orthodox, Russian orthodox).Religious: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Renewel, Reconstruction. Traditions: Sephard, (Spain, Arab countries, Turkey). Ashkenazi: (Europe, Russia). MIzrachi: (Iraq, Persia, India).Death of JesusDeath by crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension to heaven. Will return.Not mentioned in Jewish texts.Original LanguagesAramaic, Common (Koine) Greek, Hebrew.Hebrew common till 500 BCE, Aramaic and Greek koine till 300 CE. Hebrew always for religious services. Local languages and different extinct and living Jewish languages like Carfati, Yiddish, Ladino, Judesmo etcViews on other religionChristianity is the True Faith.Judaism is the chosen faith, however, others are good too, provided that they follow Noahide Laws.Important TenetsThe Ten Commandments, The Beatitudes.The Law of Moses.Most Common SectsCatholics, Protestants, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Mormons (LDS).Askenaz and Sephardim.Identity of JesusThe Son Of God.Simply not part of liturgy. Not mentioned one way or the other.RitesSeven sacraments: Baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders, matrimony (Catholic and Orthodox). Anglicans: Baptism and Eucharist. Other denominations: Baptism and communion.Mitzvahs. Bar & Bat Mitvahs are the most well known, but, there are others too.Offshoot religionsRastafarianism, Universalism, Deism, Masonry and Mormonism.Abrahamic religions -- Christianity and Islam.Promised Holy one.Second Coming of ChristBelief in the Coming of a Messiah.On Food/DrinkJesus said, "'...Whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him, since it enters not his heart but his stomach, and is expelled?' (Thus he declared all foods clean.)" Mark 7:19Jews are required to eat kosher food. Pork is forbidden. Requirement for prayer and ritual butchery of meat. Quick and swift slaughter at single point on the throat; blood has to be completely drained.On WomenEqual to men. In some denominations, they may become nuns.Equal to men and non-binary people in Reform/Liberal Judaism.View of other Abrahamic religionsJudaism is regarded as a True religion but incomplete (without Gospel, and Messiah) Islam is regarded as a false religion, Christianity does not accept the Qur'an as true.Believe that Christians are wrong in believing that Jesus is the Messiah; they neither believe nor disbelieve that Muhammad and/or Bah-u-llah are prophets.Spiritual BeingsAngels, demons, spirits.Angels, demons, and spirits.Sacred TextsChristian Bible (includes Old and New Testaments). What is considered canon may vary slightly by sect/denomination.TorahResurrection of JesusAffirmedSimply not mentioned. not part of liturgy in Judaism. Considered authentic part of Christianity.View of Animistic religionsPaganism is Heathenism. Witchcraft is communication and interaction with demons, fallen evil angelic beings. These have no real interest ultimately, in helping their worshipers. Demonic possession is common.The earliest Jewish holidays correspond to agricultural seasons. Jews uniquely developed monotheism as a God of All. They were surrounded by pagen tribes who believed in gods based on their location, or nature.Views on the afterlifeEternity in Heaven or Hell; some believe in temporal suffering in Purgatory, before admittance into Heaven.Jews beleive in a human Soul, and Orthodox believe in A World To Come and a form of Reincarnation. Differing beliefs accepted. Very little discussion on afterlife. Focus is on time on Earth now.On RaceAll races viewed equal in Christianity. However, Bible passages on slavery were used to support the practice in the past in the U.S. The "curse of Ham" was sometimes thought to be Black people; modern interpretations reject this.Jews believe they are the "chosen people" i.e. descendants of the ancient Israelites are chosen to be in a covenant with God. However, all human beings are God's people, descended from Adam and Eve who were created in the image of God.ProphetMoses, Samuel, Nathan, Elijah, Elisha, etc., as well as both Johns in the New Testament too.Moses, Samuel, Nathan, Elijah, Elisha, etc.View of JesusGod in human form, "Son of God, " savior. Death by crucifixion. Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead, was taken up into heaven, and will return during the Apocalypse.Regular Jewish person, not a messiah.Belief of deitiesOne God three forms: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.One God.Names of GodGod, Gud, Gott, Deo, Dios. Jehovah, YHWH, Eli Elohim, (depending on language Christians are of every language and culture around the world)HaShem, Adonai,Virtue(s) in which religion is based uponLove and justice.Justice; strict adherence to God's law. Reading the Holy Books, and following the Commandments.View on Abrahamic religionsAll worship the One God.Jews began Abrahamic religions. Christians share early prophets.The Koran also has renditions of these prophets. The New Testament can be viewed as written by Jews for the Jews of that time.Authority of PopeLeader and overseer of the Catholic Church. his authority is completely rejected by Protestants, and is viewed by Orthodox as first among equals. Orthodox and Protestants reject Papal infallibility and Papal supremacy.N/AUse of statues, imagessome denominations regard It as forbidden and Idolatry. Anglicans and Lutherans allow pictures but forbid venerating them. Catholics encourage pictures and statues and venerate them. Orthodox encourage pictures and venerate them.ForbiddenView of other Oriental religionsN/A.N/A.LegislationVaries through denomination.Prerogative of the peopleFounders and Early LeadersJesus, Peter, Paul, and the Apostles.Abraham, Moses, David, and many Prophets.View of GodOne Trinity God, Who Is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.God is the one True Creator. God has always existed, none existed before him and will exist forever. He transcends life and death. God is one and the only holiness. God is the creator. He is beyond human understanding, he is omnipotent.On MoneyTithing / charitable giving. "Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God." —Jesus in Matthew 19:24TzadakaPromised Holy OneSecond Coming Of Christ.The Messiah.Direction of PrayerCatholics and Orthodox usually face the Tabernacle in their prayers but it is not considered necessary, but recommended. God is present everywhere recent reforms have prompted many Christians to not face anywhere in their prayers.Toward Jerusalem.Praying to Saints,Mary, and AngelAffirmed, in Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, & Anglican(Episcopalian)Christianity; most Protestants do not.N/A.On LGBTVaries. Christians who believe in more literal interpretations of the Bible rarely accept homosexuality; some see it as a crime. "Do not be deceived...men who have sex with men...will not inherit the kingdom of God." —1 Corinthians 6:9-10Generally accepted and celebrated in Reform/Liberal branches.On Marriage/DivorceDefinition of marriage and divorce acceptance varies by sect/denomination. Bible includes examples of polygamy and monogamy and only condones divorce in cases of adultery.Orthodoxy only recognizes opposite-sex marriages. Only men can serve women the divorce document, known as a "get." In Reform Judaism, there's no need for the get. Civil marriages/divorces are recognized and same-sex couples can marry.On AtheismVaries. Some believe atheists will go to hell because they do not believe in God; others believe God does not operate that way. "The fool says in his heart, 'There is no God.' They are corrupt, their deeds are vile..." —Psalm 14:1Some Jews are atheists.PurgatoryBelieved in by various denominations. It is debated in Christianity.Believed in Judaism.Marriage and DivorceExplained by Jesus in Mathew 19:3-9 and said, ‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. Therefore what God has put together let man not seperate.'Monogamous. Marriage permitted.SaintsCatholics and Orthodox venerate very Holy people as Saints. Most Protestants do not do this, however they do look at them as inspirational figures.Jewish holy figures are known as Tzaddics.Virtues in which religion is based uponLove, charity, and mercy.Justice, faithfulness, charity, modesty, Tikkun Olam (improving the world), mitzvot (good deeds, following God's law), Love of the creations. Ethics. Social Justice. Intellectual discussions, and study.Status of ElohimGodGodViews about other religionsNo other religion leads to God. Judaism being a unique exception, Jews viewed as ignorant of the Messiah.The mThree Jewels/TrinityThe Blessed Trinity: In the name of the Father the Son and the Holy SpiritGod, people, and IsraelWhat is it?Christianity is the religion founded by Christ, to which He is central to.Judaism is the Abrahamic religion of the Jewish people, based on principles and ethics embodied in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Talmud (the great written opinions of the different rabbi's and intellectuals and holy men throughout the years)War between two churches/ major sectsCatholics & Protestants used to be at war in Northern Ireland; In USA, many fundamentalist Protestants vehemently deny Catholics are Christian.Different sects agree and differ with each other. There is room for debate with no violence. Orthodox and Reform Jews greatly dislike one another.Days of worshipSunday.Sabbath, sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. (Days start at sundown.)

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